Causes of Oil Pump Failure
For most car owners, replacing an oil pump is best left to a professional mechanic. This task often requires specialized tools and extensive knowledge of engine components. The oil pump is usually located deep inside the engine, so accessing it may require partial disassembly of the engine.
However, in some cases, an experienced hobbyist mechanic may be willing to take on this task. This is more practical for older vehicles with simple engine designs. If you have engine knowledge, access to the right tools, and a reliable repair manual for your particular make and model, it may be worth considering. Be aware that making a mistake could cause serious damage to your engine, requiring costly repairs.
Before deciding to replace the oil pump yourself, you should honestly assess your mechanical abilities and the complexity of your vehicle’s engine. When in doubt, leaving the replacement to a professional is safer and often more cost-effective in the long run. Causes of Oil Pump Failure
Oil pumps can fail for a variety of reasons, often due to wear and tear or lack of maintenance. Here are the three most common causes of failure, along with other less likely but possible reasons:
1) Low Oil Level
If the engine runs without enough oil, it can quickly damage the oil pump. When the oil level drops, the pump can suck in air in addition to oil, a condition known as oil starvation. This can lead to several problems, including:
Cavitation – Air bubbles in the oil can accelerate wear on the pump components. Overheating – The pump can overheat if there is not enough oil to cool and lubricate it.
Running dry – In extreme cases, the pump can run completely dry, causing immediate damage.
A low oil level can be caused by a leak, burnt oil, or simply failing to check and top off the oil regularly. It is important to check the oil level frequently and repair any leaks promptly.
2) Age and Mileage
Oil pumps are durable (especially OEM models), but they can wear out over time. As a vehicle puts in many miles, especially over 150,000 miles, the pump’s internal components begin to wear out. Gears and rotors can develop defects, reducing efficiency and pressure.
Years of exposure to heat and friction can cause metal fatigue in the pump’s components. This can cause pump housing deformation, gear erosion, and seal deterioration.
The lifespan of an oil pump varies depending on driving conditions, maintenance, and vehicle brand. Some last the lifespan of the engine, while others may need to be replaced sooner. For high-mileage vehicles, mechanics often recommend inspecting the oil pump during major maintenance as a preventative measure.
3) Contaminated Oil
Contaminated oil is also a cause of oil pump failure. As oil circulates through your engine, it picks up dirt, metal particles, and other contaminants. Over time, these contaminants can build up and damage the precision components of your oil pump.
Contaminated oil acts like liquid sandpaper, gradually attacking the pump’s internal surfaces. This can reduce pump efficiency, cause unnecessary wear on gears and rotors, and even damage the pump housing. Although unlikely, larger contaminants can clog or stop the pump. This is a good example of why regular oil changes are so important.
New oil and a new oil filter remove these contaminants and ensure clean lubrication of the pump and motor. Following your vehicle manufacturer’s recommended oil change intervals, or changing them more frequently in difficult driving conditions, can significantly extend the life of your oil pump.
Other Causes
Improper Oil Viscosity – Using oil that is too thick or too thin for your engine can stress the pump and lead to premature failure.
Manufacturing Defects – Although rare, some pumps may have inherent defects that lead to premature failure.
Improper Installation – If your replacement pump is not installed correctly, it can fail prematurely.
Engine Overheating – Excessive heat can break down the oil and damage the pump seals.